四年级英语下册教程——一般过去时与描述天气

概述

四年级下册英语在上册现在进行时的基础上，进一步学习一般过去时这一重要的时态，同时学习如何用英语描述天气和季节，积累常见的不规则动词变化，并通过简单的阅读理解练习提升综合运用能力。

一般过去时是英语学习中的一个难点，尤其是不规则动词的变化需要记忆。但只要掌握了规律和方法，就能轻松应对。本教程将通过详细的讲解和丰富的练习，帮助同学们系统掌握这些知识点。

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核心知识点一：一般过去时的基本概念

1.1 什么是一般过去时？

一般过去时用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。简单来说，就是描述"已经发生过的事情"。

例如：

• I watched TV yesterday.（我昨天看了电视。）
• She went to the park last Sunday.（她上周日去了公园。）
• They were happy.（他们很开心。）

1.2 一般过去时的标志词

以下时间词语通常提示我们使用一般过去时：

英文	中文	英文	中文
yesterday	昨天	last night	昨晚
last week	上周	last month	上个月
last year	去年	last Monday	上周一
... ago	……以前	two days ago	两天前
in 2020	在2020年	just now	刚才

1.3 一般过去时的构成

肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他

• I played football yesterday.（我昨天踢了足球。）
• She watched TV last night.（她昨晚看了电视。）
• We went to the zoo last week.（我们上周去了动物园。）

否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他

• I didn't play football yesterday.（我昨天没有踢足球。）
• She didn't watch TV last night.（她昨晚没有看电视。）
• We didn't go to the zoo last week.（我们上周没有去动物园。）

一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？

• Did you play football yesterday?（你昨天踢足球了吗？）
  • Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
• Did she watch TV last night?（她昨晚看电视了吗？）
  • Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.

重要提示： 在否定句和疑问句中，动词要恢复原形！

• I didn't played football.（✗）
• I didn't play football.（✓）

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核心知识点二：规则动词的过去式变化

2.1 规则变化的四种情况

情况一：一般情况下直接加-ed

• play → played（玩）
• watch → watched（看）
• wash → washed（洗）
• cook → cooked（烹饪）
• clean → cleaned（打扫）

情况二：以不发音的e结尾，直接加-d

• like → liked（喜欢）
• live → lived（住）
• dance → danced（跳舞）
• hope → hoped（希望）
• use → used（使用）

情况三：以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed

• study → studied（学习）
• carry → carried（搬运）
• worry → worried（担心）
• hurry → hurried（匆忙）

注意： 以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed：

• play → played
• enjoy → enjoyed

情况四：以重读闭音节结尾（辅+元+辅），双写末尾字母加-ed

• stop → stopped（停止）
• plan → planned（计划）
• drop → dropped（掉落）

2.2 规则动词过去式的发音

-ed的发音有三种情况：

情况一：在清辅音（/p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/）后读 /t/

• watched /wɒtʃt/
• washed /wɒʃt/
• cooked /kʊkt/
• stopped /stɒpt/

情况二：在浊辅音和元音后读 /d/

• played /pleɪd/
• lived /lɪvd/
• cleaned /kliːnd/
• used /juːzd/

情况三：在 /t/ 和 /d/ 后读 /ɪd/

• wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/
• needed /ˈniːdɪd/
• visited /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

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核心知识点三：常见不规则动词

3.1 什么是不规则动词？

不规则动词的过去式不能简单地加-ed，需要单独记忆。这是四年级下册的一个重点和难点。

3.2 常见不规则动词表

原形	过去式	中文	原形	过去式	中文
go	went	去	come	came	来
do	did	做	have/has	had	有
eat	ate	吃	drink	drank	喝
see	saw	看见	take	took	拿走
make	made	制作	give	gave	给
get	got	得到	fly	flew	飞
run	ran	跑	swim	swam	游泳
sing	sang	唱歌	ride	rode	骑
write	wrote	写	read	read	读
buy	bought	买	teach	taught	教
think	thought	想	say	said	说
tell	told	告诉	find	found	发现
is/am	was	是	are	were	是
can	could	能	will	would	将

3.3 不规则动词的记忆技巧

技巧一：分类记忆

将变化规律相似的词放在一起记忆：

• i → a → u 型：sing → sang, swim → swam, begin → began
• -ought/-aught 型：buy → bought, think → thought, teach → taught, catch → caught
• -ew 型：fly → flew, grow → grew, know → knew, draw → drew
• 原形不变型：read → read, cut → cut, put → put, let → let

技巧二：造句记忆

用每个不规则动词造一个句子，通过语境加深记忆：

• I went to school yesterday.（我昨天去了学校。）
• She ate an apple this morning.（她今天早上吃了一个苹果。）
• We saw a film last night.（我们昨晚看了一部电影。）

技巧三：编故事记忆

用一组不规则动词编一个小故事：

Yesterday, I got up early. I ate breakfast and drank some milk. Then I went to school. I saw my friends and we played together. We had a great day!

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核心知识点四：描述天气和季节

4.1 描述天气的基本句型

问天气：What's the weather like?（天气怎么样？）

回答时可以使用以下句型：

It's + 形容词：

• It's sunny.（天气晴朗。）
• It's cloudy.（天气多云。）
• It's rainy.（天气下雨。）
• It's windy.（天气有风。）
• It's snowy.（天气下雪。）
• It's hot.（天气热。）
• It's cold.（天气冷。）
• It's warm.（天气暖和。）
• It's cool.（天气凉爽。）

4.2 常见天气词汇

英文	中文	英文	中文
sunny	晴朗的	cloudy	多云的
rainy	下雨的	windy	有风的
snowy	下雪的	foggy	有雾的
hot	热的	cold	冷的
warm	温暖的	cool	凉爽的
rain	雨	snow	雪
wind	风	cloud	云
sun	太阳	weather	天气
temperature	温度	degree	度

4.3 四季的表达

英文	中文	特点描述
spring	春天	warm and sunny（温暖晴朗）
summer	夏天	hot and rainy（炎热多雨）
autumn/fall	秋天	cool and windy（凉爽有风）
winter	冬天	cold and snowy（寒冷下雪）

描述季节的句型：

• Spring is warm.（春天是温暖的。）
• In spring, it's warm and sunny.（春天，天气温暖晴朗。）
• I like summer because I can swim.（我喜欢夏天因为我可以游泳。）
• In autumn, the leaves turn yellow.（秋天，树叶变黄了。）
• Winter is cold. I can make a snowman.（冬天很冷。我可以堆雪人。）

4.4 天气与日常活动

将天气描述与日常活动结合起来：

• It's sunny today. Let's go to the park!（今天天气晴朗。我们去公园吧！）
• It's rainy. I need an umbrella.（下雨了。我需要一把伞。）
• It's very cold. Put on your coat!（天很冷。穿上你的外套！）
• It's snowing. Let's make a snowman!（下雪了。我们堆雪人吧！）
• It's hot. I want to eat ice cream.（天热了。我想吃冰淇淋。）

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核心知识点五：简单阅读理解

5.1 阅读理解的步骤

做英语阅读理解题时，可以按照以下步骤：

1. 快速浏览：先快速读一遍文章，了解大意
2. 看问题：仔细阅读题目，明确要找什么信息
3. 回文定位：带着问题回到文章中找相关的句子
4. 仔细对比：将选项与原文进行对比，选出正确答案
5. 检查验证：将答案放回原文检查是否合理

5.2 阅读理解常用技巧

技巧一：抓住关键词

每个问题都有关键词，找到关键词就能快速定位答案。比如题目问"Where did Tom go?"，关键词就是"Tom"和"where"。

技巧二：注意时态

题目中用的是什么时态，答案通常也是同样的时态。如果问的是过去的事，答案中动词应该是过去式。

技巧三：理解上下文

有些答案不是直接写在文中的，需要根据上下文来推断。比如文章说"It was cold and white everywhere"，虽然没直接说下雪，但可以推断出是在描述冬天或下雪的场景。

5.3 阅读理解练习示范

阅读下面的短文：

Last weekend, Li Ming and his family went to the countryside. The weather was sunny and warm. In the morning, they climbed a mountain. Li Ming's father took many photos. At noon, they had a picnic under a big tree. Li Ming's mother made sandwiches and they drank some juice. In the afternoon, Li Ming and his sister flew kites in the field. They were very tired but happy. They went home at 5:00 pm.

问题与答案：

1. When did Li Ming and his family go to the countryside?

   • Answer: Last weekend.（上周末。）

2. What was the weather like?

   • Answer: It was sunny and warm.（天气晴朗温暖。）

3. What did they do in the morning?

   • Answer: They climbed a mountain.（他们爬了一座山。）

4. What did Li Ming's mother make for the picnic?

   • Answer: She made sandwiches.（她做了三明治。）

5. What did Li Ming and his sister do in the afternoon?

   • Answer: They flew kites in the field.（他们在田野里放风筝。）

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练习题

练习一：写出下列动词的过去式

规则动词：

1. play → ________
2. study → ________
3. like → ________
4. stop → ________
5. wash → ________

不规则动词： 6. go → ________ 7. eat → ________ 8. see → ________ 9. have → ________ 10. fly → ________

参考答案：

1. played（直接加-ed）
2. studied（变y为i加-ed）
3. liked（去e加-d）
4. stopped（双写p加-ed）
5. washed（直接加-ed）
6. went
7. ate
8. saw
9. had
10. flew

练习二：用所给动词的正确时态填空

1. I ________ (go) to the park yesterday.
2. She ________ (watch) TV every evening.（她每天晚上看电视。）
3. Look! The boys ________ (play) football now.
4. They ________ (not go) to school last Monday.
5. ________ you ________ (have) a good time last weekend?
6. My mother ________ (cook) dinner yesterday evening.
7. It ________ (rain) last night.
8. We ________ (be) in the park just now.

参考答案：

1. went（yesterday提示过去时）
2. watches（every evening提示一般现在时，三单加es）
3. are playing（Look! + now 提示现在进行时）
4. didn't go（last Monday提示过去时，否定句用didn't + 原形）
5. Did, have（last weekend提示过去时，疑问句用Did + 主语 + 原形）
6. cooked（yesterday evening提示过去时）
7. rained（last night提示过去时）
8. were（just now提示过去时，we用were）

练习三：句型转换

按要求改写句子：

1. She went to the zoo last Sunday.（改为否定句）
2. They played basketball yesterday.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
3. It was sunny yesterday.（对天气提问）
4. I ate an apple this morning.（对"什么"提问）
5. We had a good time last weekend.（改为一般疑问句）

参考答案：

1. She didn't go to the zoo last Sunday.
2. Did they play basketball yesterday? — Yes, they did.
3. What was the weather like yesterday? / How was the weather yesterday?
4. What did you eat this morning?
5. Did you have a good time last weekend?

练习四：选择题

选出正确的答案：

1. Tom ________ a book last night.

   • 1. reads B. read C. is reading

2. — Did you go to the park yesterday? — ________

   • 1. Yes, I do. B. Yes, I did. C. Yes, I was.

3. It's ________ today. Let's fly kites!

   • 1. rainy B. windy C. snowy

4. ________ the weather like in summer?

   • 1. How's B. What's C. Where's

5. She ________ to school every day, but yesterday she ________ by bus.

   • 1. walks; went B. walked; goes C. walks; goes

6. We ________ many animals at the zoo last week.

   • 1. see B. saw C. sees

参考答案：

1. B（last night提示过去时，read的过去式仍是read，发音变化）
2. B（Did you...?的肯定回答是Yes, I did.）
3. B（有风的天气适合放风筝）
4. B（询问天气用What's the weather like?）
5. A（every day用一般现在时walks，yesterday用过去时went）
6. B（last week提示过去时，see的过去式是saw）

练习五：阅读理解

阅读下面的短文，回答问题：

It was Saturday yesterday. The weather was cold and windy. Li Hua stayed at home. In the morning, she did her homework and cleaned her room. In the afternoon, she read a storybook and watched a film on TV. Her mother cooked a delicious dinner. They had chicken, fish and vegetables. After dinner, Li Hua called her friend Wang Mei. They talked about their plan for the next weekend. Li Hua wanted to go to the library with Wang Mei. Wang Mei said, "Great idea!"

1. What day was it yesterday?
2. What was the weather like yesterday?
3. What did Li Hua do in the morning?
4. What did they have for dinner?
5. What did Li Hua and Wang Mei plan to do next weekend?

参考答案：

1. It was Saturday.
2. It was cold and windy.
3. She did her homework and cleaned her room.
4. They had chicken, fish and vegetables.
5. They planned to go to the library.

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总结

四年级下册英语的核心知识点包括：

1. 一般过去时：这是本学期最重要的语法内容。要掌握规则动词加-ed的四种变化规律和三种发音规则，理解否定句和疑问句的构成方法（用did/ didn't），并注意在否定句和疑问句中动词要恢复原形。
2. 不规则动词：需要花费时间记忆，建议用分类记忆、造句记忆、编故事记忆等方法，每天记3-5个，并通过造句巩固。
3. 天气与季节：掌握描述天气的基本句型（It's + 天气形容词），学会四季的英文表达，能够用英语谈论天气和季节特点。
4. 阅读理解：培养快速浏览、抓住关键词、回文定位的阅读技巧，能在文章中找到具体信息并正确作答。

学习建议：

• 每天记3-5个不规则动词，制作单词卡片随时复习
• 用一般过去时写日记，描述每天做过的事情
• 关注每天的天气预报，用英语描述天气
• 每周做1-2篇阅读理解练习，提升阅读能力
• 将一般现在时、现在进行时和一般过去时进行对比学习，理解它们的区别

英语学习是一个循序渐进的过程，只要坚持每天练习，不断积累，你一定能取得更大的进步！加油！